Contracts signed on your own server: DocuSeal is the most feature-complete open-source, self-hosted alternative to DocuSign. A WYSIWYG builder turns any PDF into a fillable form with 14 field types: signature, initials, date, file upload, checkbox, dropdown, radio, stamp, and more. Documents route to multiple submitters in sequence or parallel, with automated SMTP email notifications, reminders, and a mobile-optimized signing experience that works on any device without an account. Every completed document carries an automatic PDF eSignature with verification and an audit trail. Templates are reusable and can also be generated programmatically - from HTML via API or from PDFs and DOCX files with embedded field tags - and the REST API plus webhooks drive full workflow automation, with embedded signing forms and form builders for React, Vue, Angular, and plain JavaScript. Files store on disk or in S3, Google Cloud Storage, or Azure. The UI ships in 7 languages with signing in 14. Runs on SQLite, PostgreSQL, or MySQL; AGPL-3.0 licensed with unlimited documents and no per-signature fees.

In continuous open-source development since 2009, Etherpad is the original really-real-time collaborative editor - used by Wikimedia, governments, EU public-sector institutions, and tens of thousands of self-hosters. Its core idea is visible authorship: every keystroke is attributed with author colors, every revision preserved, and the timeslider lets you scrub through a document's entire history character by character. Multiple people type into the same pad and see each other's changes instantly - it scales to thousands of simultaneous editors per pad. The base install is deliberately lightweight; capability comes from roughly 290 plugins installable from the admin web UI: comments, images, tables, drawing, video chat via WebRTC, math rendering, code highlighting, and authentication via OAuth, LDAP, or OpenID. AI is pointedly a plugin, not a default - you choose the model and infrastructure, or never turn it on. There is no telemetry. For integrators, an HTTP API (with OpenAPI definitions at /api/openapi.json) manages pads, users, and groups for embedding in your own applications, and the ueberDB abstraction layer supports PostgreSQL, MySQL, Redis, MongoDB, and SQLite backends. Full data export is built in, the format is open, it is translated into 105 languages, and it runs on anything from a Raspberry Pi to a server farm. Apache 2.0 licensed, Node.js based.

Document-generation code is the worst kind of code in your backlog - Carbone kills it. Its insight is separating design from data - templates are ordinary office documents (DOCX, ODT, XLSX, PPTX, HTML, even custom XML) built in LibreOffice, Microsoft Office, or Google Docs, with mustache-like markers such as {d.companyName} typed directly into the text. Send a template plus JSON from your existing APIs to the HTTP API, and Carbone returns the finished document - exported as-is or converted to PDF, XLSX, CSV, HTML, PNG, EPUB, and more via its integrated LibreOffice converter (Chromium and OnlyOffice engines are also supported for HTML-fidelity and office-format conversions). The template language goes well beyond substitution: loops over arrays render dynamic table rows, filters and aggregations run inside the document, and built-in formatters handle dates, numbers, currencies, timezones, and locales, with custom JavaScript formatters when needed. One template serves multiple languages through translation markers with auto-maintained translation files. The XML-agnostic engine means anything your document editor can design - pagination, headers, footers, nested tables, charts - survives generation intact, and Carbone guarantees no breaking changes in template syntax. Node.js-based, fast via multi-threaded LibreOffice conversion. The invoices, contracts, and reports your product owes its users become template edits, not sprints.

Receipts, contracts, and letters that arrive as pixels rather than text: Papermerge is a document management system built specifically for scanned documents. Upload a PDF, TIFF, JPEG, or PNG and OCR runs automatically, with a real-time status indicator beside the document title; under the hood it drives OCRmyPDF and Tesseract, supporting 130+ languages and producing a new document version with a selectable, searchable text layer you can download. Full-text search runs across everything, with multiple search-engine backends (Xapian by default). The interface deliberately mimics a modern desktop file browser: dual-panel commander, drag and drop, hierarchical folders, and colored tags on documents and folders. Page management fixes what scanners get wrong - delete blank pages, rotate, reorder, merge, extract, and move strayed pages between documents, powered by PikePDF. Document types act as categories, each with its own custom metadata fields, so invoices carry vendor and amount while contracts carry parties and dates. Versioning preserves every state of a document. Multi-user support includes groups, group ownership, permission management, and document/folder sharing between users and groups, and an OpenAPI-compliant REST API automates ingestion from scanners or scripts. Apache-licensed, ideal for long-term digital archives.

Real LibreOffice document engineering in the browser: Collabora Online is built by the company employing much of the former SUSE LibreOffice team - not a reimplementation. This deployment runs CODE (Collabora Online Development Edition), the collabora/code server that renders and edits documents entirely server-side while browsers get high-fidelity WYSIWYG output, so layout and formatting survive round-trips that break lesser converters. Four editors ship in one container: Writer for text documents (comments, track changes with comparison and restoration, form handling), Calc for spreadsheets (advanced formulas, macros, pivot tables, per-user sheet views, server-enforced cell protection), Impress for presentations, and Draw for Visio-class diagrams. Format compatibility spans DOCX, XLSX, PPTX, the ODF family, PDF, and dozens more - including Visio and Publisher import. Real-time collaborative editing supports multiple simultaneous editors with visible cursors and commenting. The architectural point: documents are processed on your server and never leave it, which is why Collabora is the engine behind Nextcloud Office and integrates with ownCloud, Seafile, and any WOPI-speaking host - or embeds in your own application via the SDK. An admin console monitors sessions and memory. For organizations that need Google Docs-style collaboration with actual data sovereignty, this is the reference open-source answer.